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- WORLD, Page 25EAST-WESTPeering into Europe's Future
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- How the U.S. hopes to preserve its role across the Atlantic
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- "Present at the creation." That was how Dean Acheson, Harry
- Truman's Secretary of State, described the crucial role of
- American officials in the birth of postwar Europe. Conceiving
- the Marshall Plan and midwifing NATO, U.S. officials went on to
- deploy America's power at its zenith to shape the framework of
- European security for two generations.
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- So what is the role of George Bush and Secretary of State
- James Baker in creating the emerging post-postwar European
- order? Until now the U.S. Administration has seemed like a
- father pacing in a waiting room: proud that things have come so
- far, intensely interested in the outcome, but not able to do
- much more than drum his fingers -- and worry quietly about
- whether the baby will be healthy.
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- Last week Baker bolted into the delivery room to lend a
- hand. In addition to inspecting the Berlin Wall and meeting East
- German Prime Minister Hans Modrow, Baker proposed a revamped
- role for the U.S. in the "whole and free" Europe that is
- aborning. Its theme: to refurbish existing international bodies
- so that they can bear new loads as they shed others. Although
- framed in general terms, the plan nonetheless displayed a
- creative flair and reassured allies that the U.S. intends to
- remain, in Baker's words, part of "Europe's neighborhood."
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- Baker's ideas for recasting the structures of U.S.-European
- cooperation -- dubbed "Bakerstroika" by British pundits -- were
- a first cut at answering a question implicit in the collapse of
- the Iron Curtain and the end of the cold war: as the Soviet
- military threat shrinks, what does Europe need with the U.S.?
- The decline of Soviet power, the growing vitality of the
- European Community and the rush to reunify Germany require the
- U.S. to contemplate European ties based less on fear of Moscow's
- intentions and more on healthy economic and political
- competition.
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- The smartest way to keep a U.S. hand in Europe, Baker
- reasoned, is to adapt existing international groups to the new
- reality. The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe,
- a 35-member body that includes the two superpowers, has met
- periodically since it produced the 1975 Helsinki agreement,
- which ratified postwar borders and set minimum human-rights
- standards. But a single country's veto blocks decisions there,
- making it an awkward vehicle for asserting U.S. leadership in
- Europe. The European Community, on its part, cannot accept the
- U.S. as a member. That leaves NATO, where the U.S. has long been
- first among equals, as the heavy lifter in Baker's refurbished
- Atlantic house. By encouraging the alliance to become the main
- forum for setting Western defense policy, Baker wants to upgrade
- NATO to be the key transatlantic body, even after reductions in
- defense budgets and troop levels have undercut the group's
- traditional source of strength.
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- European allies praised Baker's scheme. France and Britain
- welcome the U.S. as a counterweight to the colossus of a future
- reunited Germany, though France objects to ceding greater
- authority to NATO. And Germans themselves seem relieved that the
- U.S. is determined to remain a European power. Worry is
- widespread in both Bonn and East Berlin that East Germans'
- mounting anger at the Communist regime, coupled with emotional
- longings for "one German fatherland," could result in violent
- demonstrations that would paralyze the government. The new
- leader of the East German Communist Party, Gregor Gysi, last
- week appealed to the U.S. to play a vigorous role in Europe,
- mostly to dampen West German pressure for absorbing his country.
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- Meanwhile, demonstrations in Bulgaria showed both the
- importance of updating the Atlantic alliance and the difficulty
- of drafting plans in the face of swiftly moving events.
- Continuing its plunge into reform, the Bulgarian Communist Party
- last week expelled Todor Zhivkov, its leader for 35 years, and
- announced that free elections would be held in May. When the
- parliament postponed until January a vote on ending the
- Communist Party's monopoly of power, 50,000 jeering protesters
- encircled the parliament building. As Josef Joffe, foreign
- editor of the Suddeutsche Zeitung, observed, "If only there
- weren't all these people in the streets . . . who will yet foul
- up many of the designs made by diplomats."
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